Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In a free nappe,

The pressure below the nappe is negative
The pressure below the nappe is atmospheric
The pressure above the nappe is atmospheric
The pressure above the nappe is negative

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The purpose of a surge tank is

To control the pressure variations due to rapid changes in the pipe line flow
To regulate flow of water to turbines by providing necessary retarding head of water
All of these
To eliminate water hammer possibilities

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