Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In a free nappe,

The pressure below the nappe is atmospheric
The pressure above the nappe is negative
The pressure below the nappe is negative
The pressure above the nappe is atmospheric

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In an inward flow reaction turbine

The water enters at the center of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel
The water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the center of the wheel
The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel
The flow of water is partly radial and partly axial

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The flow ratio of Francis turbine is defined as the ratio of the

None of these
Velocity of flow at inlet to the theoretical jet velocity
Velocity of runner at inlet to the velocity of flow at inlet
Theoretical velocity of jet to the velocity of flow at inlet

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