Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Mechanical efficiency of a centrifugal pump is the ratio of

Actual work-done by the pump to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover
Energy supplied to the pump to the energy available at the impeller
Energy available at the impeller to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover
Manometric head to the energy supplied by the impeller per kN of water

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
If the elevation of hydraulic grade line at the junction of three pipes is above the elevation of reservoirs B and C and below reservoir A, then the direction of flow will be

unpredictable
from reservoir B to reservoirs C and A
from reservoir A to reservoirs B and C
from reservoir C to reservoirs A and B

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In an inward flow reaction turbine

The water enters at the center of the wheel and then flows towards the outer periphery of the wheel
The flow of water is partly radial and partly axial
The water enters the wheel at the outer periphery and then flows towards the center of the wheel
The water flows parallel to the axis of the wheel

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