Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Cavitation will begin when

flow is increased
pressure is increased
the pressure at any location reaches an absolute pressure equal to the saturated vapour pressure of the liquid
pressure becomes more than critical pressure

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
In a reaction turbine, the draft tube is used

To transport water to downstream
To run the turbine full
To increase the head of water by an amount equal to the height of the runner outlet above the tail race
To prevent air to enter the turbine

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The specific speed of turbine is defined as the speed of a unit

Of such a size that it produces unit horse power with unit head
Of such a size that it delivers unit discharge at unit head
Of such a size that it delivers unit discharge at unit power
Of such a size that it requires unit power per unit head

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