RCC Structures Design
In a doubly-reinforced beam if ‘c’ and ‘t’ are stresses in concrete and tension reinforcement, ‘d’ is the effective depth and ‘n’ is depth of critical neutral axis, the following relationship holds good

mc/t = n/(d - n)
mc/t = (d - n)/t
(t + c)/n = (d + n)/n
(m + c)/t = n/(d + n)

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RCC Structures Design
If p₁ and p₂ are mutually perpendicular principal stresses acting on a soil mass, the normal stress on any plane inclined at angle θ° to the principal plane carrying the principal stress p₁, is:

[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] cos 2θ
[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] sin 2θ
[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] sin 2θ
[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] cos 2θ

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RCC Structures Design
The spacing of transverse reinforcement of column is decided by the following consideration.

Forty-eight times the diameter of transverse reinforcement
The least lateral dimension of the column
All listed here
Sixteen times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal reinforcing rods in the column

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