RCC Structures Design
In a doubly-reinforced beam if ‘c’ and ‘t’ are stresses in concrete and tension reinforcement, ‘d’ is the effective depth and ‘n’ is depth of critical neutral axis, the following relationship holds good

mc/t = (d - n)/t
(t + c)/n = (d + n)/n
(m + c)/t = n/(d + n)
mc/t = n/(d - n)

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RCC Structures Design
If the length of a combined footing for two columns l meters apart is L and the projection on the left side of the exterior column is x, then the projection y on the right side of the exterior column, in order to have a uniformly distributed load, is (where x̅ is the distance of centre of gravity of column loads).

y = L/2 + (l - x̅)
y = L/2 - (l + x̅)
y = L/2 - (l - x̅)
y = L - (l - x̅)

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