RCC Structures Design
The effective width of a column strip of a flat slab, is

Radius of the column
Diameter of the column
One-fourth the width of the panel
Half the width of the panel

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RCC Structures Design
Pick up the assumption for the design of a pre-stressed concrete member from the following:

During deformation limits, Hook's law is equally applicable to concrete as well as to steel
Variation of stress in reinforcement due to changes in external loading is negligible
A transverse plane section remains a plane after bending
All listed here

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RCC Structures Design
If p₁ and p₂ are mutually perpendicular principal stresses acting on a soil mass, the normal stress on any plane inclined at angle θ° to the principal plane carrying the principal stress p₁, is:

[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] cos 2θ
[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] cos 2θ
[(p₁ - p₂)/2] + [(p₁ + p₂)/2] sin 2θ
[(p₁ + p₂)/2] + [(p₁ - p₂)/2] sin 2θ

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