Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a shell and tube heat exchanger, the clearance of the tube is generally

More in case of triangular pitch as compared to the square pitch tube layout
Equal to the tube diameter
More than the tube diameter
Not less than one-fourth of the tube diameter or 3/16"

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Vertical condenser is advantageous to the horizontal condenser from operation point of view, when

Only the function of condensation is to be carried out
Both the functions of condensation & sub cooling are carried out in a single unit
Sub cooling of condensate is desired
Hydrostatic head is required for refluxing the condensate

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Ponchon Savarit method is based on the use of enthalpy concentration diagram, which contains the bubble point curve (saturated liquid curve), dew point curve (saturated vapour curve) and equilibrium tie lines. As compared to McCabe-Thiele's method, this method

Facilitates direct calculation of heat load on reboiler & condenser from, the diagram used in this method
Is more accurate in finding the number of equilibrium stages
Accounts for the enthalpy changes in the process
All of these

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