Process Equipment and Plant Design
Seamless pipe is made

By extrusion & casting into static and centrifugal molds
From rolled strips formed into cylinders and seam-welded
By forging a solid round, piercing it by simultaneously rotating & forcing it over a piercer point and further reducing it by rolling gas drawing
Both B and C

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
A stuffing box is used for

Prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts
Reducing the resistance of fluid flow
Facilitating smooth opening and closing of a valve
Absorbing the contraction/expansion of pipeline due to temperature changes

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