Electrical Machines
In a DC machine the armature mmf is

  stationary with respect to field poles.
  stationary with respect to armature.
  rotating with respect to field poles as well as armature.
 rotating with respect to field poles.

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Electrical Machines
The synchronous motor can be started by

  coupling it with a small AC induction motor called the pony motor.
  coupling it with a DC compound motor.
  providing damper winding in its rotor circuit.
  any of the above methods.

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Electrical Machines
In a loaded DC generator, if the brushes are given a shift from the interpolar axis in the direction of rotation, then the commutation will

 improve with rise in terminal voltage.
 improve with fall of terminal voltage.
 deteriorate with fall of terminal voltage.
 deteriorate with rise in terminal voltage.

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