Irrigation Engineering
If the height of the hydraulic gradient line above the floor of thickness t is h and the specific gravity of the material of the floor is G, the minimum thickness t of the floor downstream of the crest-wall, is given by the equation

t = (h + 1)/(G + t)
t = (h - 1)/(G - t)
t = (h + 1)/G
t = (h - 1)/(G + t)

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Irrigation Engineering
An artesian aquifer is the one where

water surface under the ground is at atmospheric pressure
water table serves as upper surface of zone of saturation
water is under pressure between two impervious strata
None of these

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