Irrigation Engineering
If the height of the hydraulic gradient line above the floor of thickness t is h and the specific gravity of the material of the floor is G, the minimum thickness t of the floor downstream of the crest-wall, is given by the equation

t = (h + 1)/G
t = (h - 1)/(G + t)
t = (h + 1)/(G + t)
t = (h - 1)/(G - t)

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Irrigation Engineering
In a syphon aqueduct

Drainage passes over the canal and F.S.L. of the canal is above the bottom of the drainage trough
Canal passes over the drainage and H.F.L. of the drainage is above the bottom of the canal trough
Drainage passes over the canal and F.S.L. of the canal is below the bottom of the drainage trough
Canal passes over the drainage and H.F.L. of the drainage is below the bottom of the canal trough

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