Machine Design
In worm, gears, pitch lead angle is

The angle between the tangent to the pitch helix and the plane of rotation
The angle between the tangent to the pitch helix and an element of the cylinder
Half the angle between two inclined faces in axial plane
None of these

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Machine Design
The cracks in helical springs used in railway carriages usually start on the inner side of the coil because of the fact that

It is subjected to a higher stress than the outer side
It is subjected to a higher cyclic loading than the outer side
It has a lower curvature than the outer side
It is more stretched than the outer side during the manufacturing process

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