Machine Design
Stress concentration is caused due to

Pitting at points or areas at which loads on a member are applied
Variation in properties of material from point to point in a member
All of these
Abrupt change of section

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Machine Design
In a hydrodynamic lubricated bearing

There is no lubricant between the journal and the bearing
There is a thin film of lubricant between the journal and the bearing
There is a thick film of lubricant between the journal and the bearing
The lubricant is forced between the journal and the bearing, by external pressure

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