Surveying
If α, H, A and δ be the altitude, hour angle, azimuth and declination of a circumpolar star at its elongation, in latitude λ, the following relation holds good

sin α = sin λ/sin δ
All listed here
sin A = cos δ/cos λ
cos H = tan λ/tan δ

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Surveying
Bowditch rule is applied to

None of these
a closed traverse for adjustment of closing error
an open traverse for graphical adjustment
determine the effect of local attraction

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