Surveying
If α, H, A and δ be the altitude, hour angle, azimuth and declination of a circumpolar star at its elongation, in latitude λ, the following relation holds good

cos H = tan λ/tan δ
All listed here
sin α = sin λ/sin δ
sin A = cos δ/cos λ

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Surveying
Transit rule of adjusting the consecutive coordinates of a traverse is used where

All of these
linear measurements are more accurate than angular measurements
angular measurements are more accurate than linear measurements
linear and angular measurements of the traverse are of equal accuracy

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