Surveying
Benchmark is established by

trigonometrical levelling
hypsometry
barometric levelling
spirit levelling

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Surveying
Which of the following errors cannot be eliminated by taking both face observations ?

error due to non-parallelism of the axis of telescope level and line of collimation
error due to horizontal axis not being perpendicular to the vertical axis
None of these
index error i.e. error due to imperfect adjustment of the vertical circle vernier

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