Internal Combustion Engines
Fuel oil consumption guarantees for I .C. engine are usually based on

Low heat value of oil
High heat value of oil
Calorific value of fuel
Net calorific value of oil

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a typical medium speed 4-stroke cycle diesel engine the inlet valve

May open or close anywhere
Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 35° after the bottom dead center
Opens at 10° after top dead center and closes 20° before the bottom dead center

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