Internal Combustion Engines
Fuel oil consumption guarantees for I .C. engine are usually based on

Low heat value of oil
Net calorific value of oil
High heat value of oil
Calorific value of fuel

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the inlet valve

Opens at top dead center and closes at bottom dead center
Opens at 20° after top dead center and closes at 20° before bottom dead center
May open or close anywhere
Opens at 20° before top dead center and closes at 40° after bottom dead center

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the compression

Starts at 40° before bottom dead centre and ends at 30° after bottom dead centre
May start and end anywhere
Starts at 40° after bottom dead centre and ends at 30° before top dead centre
Starts at bottom dead centre and ends at top dead centre

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