Process Equipment and Plant Design
For laminar flow (NRe < 2100) in steel pipe, the optimum inside pipe diameter is given by

Di, opt = 3 Q0.36 . ρ1.86 μ0.08
Di, opt = 7.6 Q0.36 . ρ0.9
Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 . ρ0.23
Di, opt = 3 Q0.36 ρ0.18

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the design of a shell and tube heat exchanger, the corrosion allowance

All of these
Need not be provided for non-pressure parts like tie rods, spacers, baffles, supports etc
For carbon steel and cast iron pressure parts is 1.5 mm (except for tubes) and for severe conditions it is 3 mm
For internal cover and tube sheet is provided on both the sides

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