Process Equipment and Plant Design
For laminar flow (NRe < 2100) in steel pipe, the optimum inside pipe diameter is given by

Di, opt = 3 Q0.36 . ρ1.86 μ0.08
Di, opt = 3.9 Q0.45 . ρ0.23
Di, opt = 3 Q0.36 ρ0.18
Di, opt = 7.6 Q0.36 . ρ0.9

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum for diaofthe tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell

Decreases upwards
Increases upwards
May decrease or increase upwards depending upon whether vacuum or positive pressure would be maintained inside the shell
Remains same throughout

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