Process Equipment and Plant Design
A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcements calculations for openings by always providing a reinforcing pad extending upto double the diameter of the opening and of the same material and thickness as that of the shell wall. If area compensation is accepted as a code guideline, his approach leads to safe design

Only if the opening is on a horizontal cylinderical vessel
Irrespective of the shape of the vessel
Only if the opening is on spherical vessel
Only if the opening is on a vertical cylinderical vessel

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of a horizontal tube evaporator.

It is unsuitable for concentrating those liquids, which form a scale or deposit salt
Its usual dimensions are: tube dia = 2-3 cms; evaporator body dia = 1-4 metres and evaporator height = 2.5-4 metres
Liquor flows inside the tube, while the steam is outside submerging the tube
It is suitable for process, in which the final product is a liquor instead of solid

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Mc Cable Thiele method used for finding theoretical stages in a distillation column assumes that the

Sensible heat differences are small, because the temperature changes from tray to tray is small
Trouton's rule is applicable
All of these
Liquid/vapor loading across the column remains constant

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