Process Equipment and Plant Design
A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcements calculations for openings by always providing a reinforcing pad extending upto double the diameter of the opening and of the same material and thickness as that of the shell wall. If area compensation is accepted as a code guideline, his approach leads to safe design

Irrespective of the shape of the vessel
Only if the opening is on a vertical cylinderical vessel
Only if the opening is on spherical vessel
Only if the opening is on a horizontal cylinderical vessel

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to a shell and tube heat exchanger.

The maximum unsupported tube span is generally about 75 times tube diameter, but is reduced to about 60 times for aluminium, copper & alloys of these
The maximum value of baffle spacing is equal to the I.D. of the shell
Disk and doughnut baffle is the most commonly used baffle
The minimum value of baffle spacing is 50 mm

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