Internal Combustion Engines
Flash point of fuel oil is

Temperature at which it solidifies or congeals
Temperature at which it catches fire without external aid
Minimum temperature to which oil is heated in order to give off inflammable vapours in sufficient quantity to ignite momentarily when brought in contact with a flame
Indicated by 90% distillation temperature, i.e. when 90% of sample oil has distilled off

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Internal Combustion Engines
The brake power (B.P.) of the engine is given by (where W = Brake load or dead load in newtons, l = Length of arm in meters, N = Speed of engine in r.p.m., S = Spring balance reading in newtons, D = Dia. of brake drum in meters, and d = Dia. of rope in meters)

P = [(W - S) πDN]/60 watts
P = [(W - S) π (D + d) N]/60 watts
P = (Wl × 2πN)/60 watts
All of these

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Internal Combustion Engines
Volatility of diesel fuel oil is

Indicated by 90% distillation temperature, i.e., when 90% of sample oil has distilled off
It catches fire without external aid
Temperature at which it solidifies or congeals
Minimum temperature to which oil is heated in order to give off inflammable vapours in sufficient quantity to ignite momentarily when brought in contact with a flame

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Internal Combustion Engines
In a four stroke cycle petrol engine, the compression

Starts at 40° before bottom dead centre and ends at 30° after bottom dead centre
May start and end anywhere
Starts at 40° after bottom dead centre and ends at 30° before top dead centre
Starts at bottom dead centre and ends at top dead centre

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