Internal Combustion Engines
If V₁ is the jet velocity and V₀ is the vehicle velocity, then the propulsive efficiency of a rocket is given by

V₁/(V₀ + V₁)
V₀/(V₀ + V₁)
[2(V₀/V₁)]/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]
(V₀/V₁)/ [1 + (V₀/V₁)²]

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Internal Combustion Engines
Supercharging is the process of

Providing forced cooling air
Injecting excess fuel for raising more loads
Supplying compressed air to remove combustion products fully
Supplying the intake of an engine with air at a density greater than the density of the surrounding atmosphere

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