Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Due to a rise in temperature, the viscosity and the unit weight of the percolating fluid are reduced to 60% and 90% respectively. If other things remain constant, the coefficient of permeability

increases by 25%
decreases by 33.3%
increases by 33.3%
increases by 50%

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

None of these
Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium

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