Soil Mechanics and Foundation
A fully saturated soil is said to be

two phase system with soil and air
two phase system with soil and water
one phase system
three phase system

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
None of these

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