Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Hydrometer readings are corrected for:

Dispersing agent correction
Meniscus correction
Temperature correction
Temperature, meniscus and dispersing agent corrections

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium
None of these
Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane

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