Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Toughness index is defined as the ratio of

plasticity index to flow index
consistency index to liquidity index
liquidity index to flow index
plasticity index to consistency index

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The rise of water table below the foundation influences the bearing capacity of soil mainly by reducing

effective unit weight of soil and effective angle of shearing resistance
cohesion and effective unit weight of soil
effective angle of shearing resistance
cohesion and effective angle of shearing resistance

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