Soil Mechanics and Foundation
The major principal stress in an element of cohesion-less soil within the backfill of a retaining wall is

None of these
Vertical if the soil is in a passive state of plastic equilibrium
Inclined at 45° to the vertical plane
Vertical if the soil is in an active state of plastic equilibrium

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Rise of water table above the ground surface causes

Equal decrease in pore water pressure and total stress
Equal increase in pore water pressure and total stress
Increase in pore water pressure but decrease in total stress
Decrease in pore water pressure but increase in total stress

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
A cylindrical specimen of saturated soil failed under an axial vertical stress of 100kN/m2 when it was laterally unconfmed. The failure plane was inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle of 45°. The values of cohesion and angle of internal friction for the soil are respectively

0.05 N/mm² and 0°
0.05 N/mm² and 45°
0.5 N/mm² and 30°
0.2 N/mm² and 0°

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Soil Mechanics and Foundation
A tri-axial shear test is preferred to direct shear test, because

Stress distribution on the failure plane, is non uniform
None of these
It can be performed under all three drainage conditions with complete control
Precise measurement of pore pressure and change in volume during test, is not possible

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