Waste Water Engineering
Drop manholes at the junctions of sewer lines, are provided if

Invert level of a branch sewer is more than 60 cm that of the main sewer
Sewer line runs along a main road
Two sewer lines intersect
Ordinary manhole cannot be built

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Waste Water Engineering
Hydraulic mean radius is

Mean of radii in a pipe line of varying cross -sections
Difference in heads between two points in circular pipes
Cross-sectional area/wetted perimeter
Mean radius of sewer

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