Electrical Machines
Counter emf of a DC motor

 aids applied voltage.
 regulates its armature voltage.
 helps in energy conversion.
 exceeds supply voltage

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Electrical Machines
Flashing the field of DC generator means

  creating residual magnetism by a DC source.
  making the magnetic losses forces parallel.
 increasing flux density by adding extra turns of winding.
  neutralising residual magnetism.

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