Process Equipment and Plant Design
Correct use of 'factor of safety' is very important in equipment design. It is defined as the ratio of the

None of these
Ultimate stress to breaking stress
Working stress to ultimate stress
Ultimate stress to working stress

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to a shell and tube heat exchanger.

The maximum value of baffle spacing is equal to the I.D. of the shell
Disk and doughnut baffle is the most commonly used baffle
The minimum value of baffle spacing is 50 mm
The maximum unsupported tube span is generally about 75 times tube diameter, but is reduced to about 60 times for aluminium, copper & alloys of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum for diaofthe tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell

May decrease or increase upwards depending upon whether vacuum or positive pressure would be maintained inside the shell
Remains same throughout
Decreases upwards
Increases upwards

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