Theory of Machine
An involute pinion and gear are in mesh. If both have the same size of addendum, then there will be an interference between the

Tip of the pinion and flank of gear
Tip of the gear tooth and flank of pinion
Tip of both gear and pinion
Flanks of both gear and pinion

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Theory of Machine
Higher pairs are those which have

Surface contact between the two elements when in motion
Elements of pairs not held together mechanically
Point or line contact between the two elements when in motion
Two elements that permit relative motion

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Theory of Machine
For an isochronous Hartnell governor (where r₁ and r₂ = Maximum and minimum radius of rotation of balls respectively, S₁ and S₂ = Maximum and minimum force exerted on the sleeve respectively, and M = Mass on the sleeve)

(m.g + S₁)/(m.g + S₂) = r₁/r₂
S₁/S₂ = r₁/r₂
S₂/S₁ = r₁/r₂
(m.g - S₁)/(m.g - S₂) = r₂/r₁

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