Theory of Machine
In a steam engine, the earlier cut-off with a simple slide valve may be obtained by increasing the steam lap and the angle of advance of the eccentric but keeping constant the travel and lead of the valve, this method will

Reduce length of effective stroke of piston
Cause withdrawing or throttling of steam
All of the listed here
Reduce maximum opening of port to steam

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Theory of Machine
In gears, interference takes place when

The tip of a tooth of a mating gear digs into the portion between base and root circles
Pitch of the gears is not same
Gears do not move smoothly in the absence of lubrication
Gear teeth are undercut

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Theory of Machine
The magnitude of velocities of the points on a rigid link is

Directly proportional to the distance from the points to the instantaneous center and is perpendicular to the line joining the point to the instantaneous center
Inversely proportional to the distance from the points to the instantaneous center and is parallel to the line joining the point to the instantaneous center
Inversely proportional to the distance from the points to the instantaneous center and is perpendicular to the line joining the point to the instantaneous center
Directly proportional to the distance from the points to the instantaneous center and is parallel to the line joining the point to the instantaneous center

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