Recombinant DNA Technology
An expression vector

usually contains a gene that confers antibiotic resistance to the bacterial host
All of these
always contains an origin of replication
always contains DNA segments for the regulation of mRNA production

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Recombinant DNA Technology
Some genetic diseases cannot be diagnosed by changes in restriction sites. Some of these can be detected by allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. These are

short sequences that will hybridize only to a specific base sequence
PCR-amplified variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTRs)
copies of the gene with an altered sequence so that a restriction site is inserted
mutagenized copies of a gene

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