Mass Transfer
An aqueous solution of methanol is to be distilled in a tray column. High pressure steam is available as a source of heat. For a given reflux ratio and overhead composition, two options are being explored; (i) a reboiler is used and (ii) no reboiler is used but steam is fed directly to the bottom of the column. As compared to option (i), in option (ii)

More number of trays are required but the residue composition remains unchanged
Composition of the residue remains unchanged
Less number of trays are required
More number of trays are required and the residue composition is more dilute in methanol

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Mass Transfer
Steam distillation is not recommended to be used, if the

Material to be distilled is thermally unstable or has the tendency to react with other components associated with it, at the boiling temperature
Material can not be distilled by indirect heating even under low pressure, because of the high boiling temperature
Azeotropic mixture is to be separated and the final product is miscible with water
Liquids decompose, if distilled directly at atmospheric pressure

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