Mass Transfer
When the solvent dissolves very little of solute, then

Large quantity of solvent is required to extract the solute
Very small quantity of solvent is required
Solvent of low freezing point should be used
Solvent of low latent heat of vaporisation should be used

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Mass Transfer
Steam distillation is not recommended to be used, if the

Azeotropic mixture is to be separated and the final product is miscible with water
Material to be distilled is thermally unstable or has the tendency to react with other components associated with it, at the boiling temperature
Material can not be distilled by indirect heating even under low pressure, because of the high boiling temperature
Liquids decompose, if distilled directly at atmospheric pressure

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Mass Transfer
The McCabe Δ L law states that the

Linear crystal growth rate depends on the crystal size
Molar heats of vaporisation of components are nearly equal
Linear crystal growth rate does not depend on the crystal size
Linear crystal growth rate depends on the degree of supersaturation

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