Mass Transfer
Absorption factor is defined as (where, S₁ = slope of the operating line S₂ = slope of the equilibrium curve)

S₁/S₂
S₂/S₁
S₁ x S₂
S₁ - S₂

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Mass Transfer
Blowdown in a cooling tower

Increases the scale forming tendencies of water
Means discarding a small fraction of circulating water to prevent and limit the concentration of salt and impurities
Is undesirable
All of these

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