Mass Transfer
Flooding in a column results due to

High pressure drop
Low pressure drop
High temperature
Low velocity of the liquid

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Mass Transfer
For water-ethanol system, the minimum reflux ratio

Is computed from the intercept of the operating line
Is computed from the slope of the upper operating line that is tangent to the equilibrium curve
Cannot be computed
Is the optimum reflux ratio

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Mass Transfer
An aqueous solution of methanol is to be distilled in a tray column. High pressure steam is available as a source of heat. For a given reflux ratio and overhead composition, two options are being explored; (i) a reboiler is used and (ii) no reboiler is used but steam is fed directly to the bottom of the column. As compared to option (i), in option (ii)

Composition of the residue remains unchanged
Less number of trays are required
More number of trays are required and the residue composition is more dilute in methanol
More number of trays are required but the residue composition remains unchanged

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