Mass Transfer
In continuous distillation, the internal reflux ratio (Ri) and the external reflux ratio (Re) are related as

Ri = Re/(1 + Re)
Ri = Re/(1 - Re)
Ri = Re
Ri = (1 - Re)/Re

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Mass Transfer
To get high tray efficiency

Interfacial surface between liquid and gas phase should be large
Liquid entrainment should be severe
Time of contact between the two phases should be less
Gas velocity should be very low

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