Theory of Machine
In gears, interference takes place when

Gear teeth are undercut
The tip of a tooth of a mating gear digs into the portion between base and root circles
Gears do not move smoothly in the absence of lubrication
Pitch of the gears is not same

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Theory of Machine
The velocity of piston in a reciprocating steam engine is given by (where ω = Angular velocity of crank, r = Radius of crank pin circle, θ = Angle turned by crank from inner dead center, and n = Ratio of length of connecting rod to the radius of crank)

ω²r [sin θ + (sin 2θ/n)]
ωr [sin θ + (sin 2θ/n)]
ωr [cos θ + (cos 2θ/n)]
ω²r [cos θ + (cos 2θ/n)]

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Theory of Machine
The maximum fluctuation of energy is the

Difference between the maximum and minimum energies
Sum of the maximum and minimum energies
Variations of energy above and below the mean resisting torque line
Ratio of the mean resisting torque to the work-done per cycle

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