Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
A metal with specific gravity of 'a' floating in a fluid of same specific gravity 'a' will

Float over fluid
Partly immersed
Sink to bottom
Be fully immersed with top surface at fluid surface

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The hammer blow in pipes occurs when

There is excessive leakage in the pipe
The pipe bursts under high pressure of fluid
The flow of fluid through the pipe is suddenly brought to rest by closing of the valve
The flow of fluid through the pipe is gradually brought to rest by closing of the valve

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
If a vessel containing liquid moves downward with a constant acceleration equal to ‘g’ then

None of these
the pressure in the liquid mass is greater than hydrostatic pressure
the pressure throughout the liquid mass is atmospheric
there will be vacuum in the liquid

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)

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