Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The meatcentric height is the distance between the

Original centre of buoyancy and new centre of buoyancy
Centre of gravity of the floating body and the metacentre
Centre of gravity of the floating body and the centre of buoyancy
Metacentre and centre of buoyancy

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Slip of a reciprocating pump is negative, when

Delivery pipe is long and pump is running at high speeds
Suction pipe is long and delivery pipe is short and the pump is running at high speeds
Suction pipe is short and pump is running at low speeds
Suction pipe is short and delivery pipe is long and the pump is running at low speeds

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