Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a large rectangular orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of the liquid above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of the liquid above the bottom of the orifice, b = Breadth of the orifice, and Cd = Coefficient of discharge)

Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H22 - H12)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H2 - H1)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H21/2 - H11/2)
Q = (2/3) Cd × b × √(2g) × (H23/2 - H13/2)

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
Mechanical efficiency of a centrifugal pump is the ratio of

Manometric head to the energy supplied by the impeller per kN of water
Energy supplied to the pump to the energy available at the impeller
Actual work-done by the pump to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover
Energy available at the impeller to the energy supplied to the pump by the prime mover

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