Theory of Machine
A Hartnell governor has its controlling force (Fc) given by Fc = ar + b, where r is the radius of rotation and a and b are constants. The governor becomes isochronous when

a = 0 and b is +ve
a is +ve and b = 0
a is +ve and b is -ve
a is +ve and b is also +ve

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Theory of Machine
A rigid body, under the action of external forces, can be replaced by two masses placed at a fixed distance apart. The two masses form an equivalent dynamical system, if

The sum of mass moment of inertia of the masses about their center of gravity is equal to the mass moment of inertia of the body
The sum of the two masses is equal to the total mass of body
The center of gravity of the two masses coincides with that of the body
All of these

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