Theory of Machine
A Hartnell governor has its controlling force (Fc) given by Fc = ar + b, where r is the radius of rotation and a and b are constants. The governor becomes isochronous when

a is +ve and b is also +ve
a = 0 and b is +ve
a is +ve and b is -ve
a is +ve and b = 0

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Theory of Machine
Hammer blow

Is the maximum horizontal unbalanced force caused by the mass provided to balance the reciprocating masses.
Is the maximum vertical unbalanced force caused by the mass added to balance the reciprocating masses
Varies as the square root of the speed
Varies inversely with the square of the speed

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Theory of Machine
Sensitiveness of the governor is defined as the ratio of the

Sum of the maximum and minimum equilibrium speeds to the mean speed
Difference of the maximum and minimum equilibrium speeds to the mean speed
Mean speed to the minimum equilibrium speed
Mean speed to the maximum equilibrium speed

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