Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
When a liquid is flowing through a pipe, the velocity of the liquid is

Maximum at the centre and zero near the walls
Minimum at the centre and maximum near the walls
Zero at the centre and maximum near the walls
Maximum at the centre and minimum near the walls

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Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics in ME
The discharge through a wholly drowned orifice is given by (where H1 = Height of water (on the upstream side) above the top of the orifice, H2 = Height of water (on the downstream side) above the bottom of the orifice, and H = Difference between two water levels on either side of the orifice)

Q = Cd × bH2 × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH₁ × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × bH × √(2gh)
Q = Cd × b (H2 - H1) × √(2gh)

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