Electrical Machines
A DC shunt generator builds up 230 V when driven in clockwise direction. In case it is driven in anti clockwise direction, other things remaining unchanged, then the voltage build up is

 230 V
 some what more than 230 V
 not possible
 some what less than 230 V

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Electrical Machines
Commutation in a DC machine may be explained as a process

  in which magnetic field is set up.
 by virtue of which emf is induced in the armature conductors.
  by which electric current in a coil is reversed.
 how alternate flux affects the main field flux.

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