Electrical Machines
A DC shunt generator builds up 230 V when driven in clockwise direction. In case it is driven in anti clockwise direction, other things remaining unchanged, then the voltage build up is

 230 V
 some what less than 230 V
 some what more than 230 V
 not possible

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Electrical Machines
In a loaded DC generator, if the brushes are given a shift from the interpolar axis in the direction of rotation, then the commutation will

 improve with fall of terminal voltage.
 deteriorate with rise in terminal voltage.
 improve with rise in terminal voltage.
 deteriorate with fall of terminal voltage.

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