Electrical Machines
A DC shunt generator builds up 230 V when driven in clockwise direction. In case it is driven in anti clockwise direction, other things remaining unchanged, then the voltage build up is

 230 V
 not possible
 some what less than 230 V
 some what more than 230 V

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Electrical Machines
The damper windings also called the squirrel cage windings or damper grids

  consists of short-circuited copper bars embedded in the field pole faces.
  are provided on the stator for improving power factor.
  both (A) and (B).
  are provided in a synchronous motor to make it self starting.

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