Electrical Machines
The reduced air gap results in an increase

  cost of operation.
  starting torque.
  breaking torque.
  power factor.

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Electrical Machines
Two 3-phase AC generators are such that one has twice the linear dimensions of the other. The field windings of each are excited to give identical sinusoidal air-gap flux density waveform. Both have the same number of stator slots and identical winding patterns. The conductor/slot in a big generator is K times that of the smaller one. The value of K to get equal no load voltage at same frequency is

 8.
 4.
 1/4.
  1/2.

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