Electrical Machines
An ideal synchronous motor has no starting torque because

 rotor is made up of salient poles.
  relative velocity between stator and rotor mmf’s is not zero.
 rotor winding is highly reactive.
 relative velocity between the stator and rotor mmf’s is zero.

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Electrical Machines
A 3-φ alternator has negligible stator resistance. A short circuit test is conducted on this alternator. At a particular speed, a field current of If1 is required to drive the rated armature current. If the speed of the alternator is reduced to half, the field current required to maintain rated armature current

 Woud be equal to 2If1.
 Would be equal to If1.
  Cannot be predicted due to insufficient data.
 Would be equal to If1/2.

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