Electrical Machines
Torque angle of a synchorous machine operating from a constant voltage bus is usually defined as the space angle between

 Stator mmf wave and resultant flux density.
 Stator mmf wave and resultant mmf wave.
  Rotor mmf wave and stator mmf wave.
 Rotor mmf wave and resultant flux density wave.

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Electrical Machines
Flashing the field of DC generator means

  making the magnetic losses forces parallel.
  neutralising residual magnetism.
 increasing flux density by adding extra turns of winding.
  creating residual magnetism by a DC source.

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