Process Equipment and Plant Design
A cylindrical storage tank can have a self supported conical roof,

If its diameter is less than 15-20metres
Irrespective of its diameter
If its diameter is more than 50 meters
If the thickness of the roof is more than that of the cylindrical shell

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In a vertical short tube evaporator (Calendria type), the

Liquor is inside the tube while the steam is outside the tube
All of these
Area of central downtake is equal to 40 to 100% of total cross-sectional area of the surrounding tube
Tube dia of 2.5-7.5 cms, tube length of 75-200 cms and cylinderical drum dia of 1-6 metres are normally used

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