Process Equipment and Plant Design
In the allocated cap area, bubble caps are generally arranged on equilateral triangular pitch. Number of caps fixed on a plate is with a

Either A or B
Cap pitch of 1.3-2 times the cap diameter
Neither A nor B
Clearance of 25-75 mm

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the use of valve tray, seive tray and bubble cap trays in continuous distillation column.

Murphree efficiency of all the three trays are nearly equal, however the peak efficiency is generally higher for seive and valve trays than the bubble cap
Valve trays have the highest turn down ratio (i.e. the ratio of the highest to the lowest vapour flow rates) and thus provides the maximum flexible operating range
Maintenance cost for valve and seive trays are comparatively more than bubble cap tray due to their relatively complicated construction features
Bubble cap trays though most expensive are the best in situations, where low vapour rates is to be handled and a positive liquid seal is essential at all flow rates

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of the distillation column.

If sufficient slot area is not provided, the gas may pass through the skirt clearance
The purpose of the slot is to disperse the gas into the liquid in the form of small bubbles
None of these
Generally, a skirt clerance of 0.5" to 1.5' is recommended to prevent plugging of the slots by residue build up

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Generally, elliptical dished heads

Are approximately as strong as seamless cylindrical shell having the corresponding I.D and O.D
All of these
Resist half the pressure rating compared to hemi spherical head provided on the cylindrical shell of the same thickness and diameter
Are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of major to minor axis and is recommended to be used for pressure vessels operating above a pressure of 1.5 MN/m²

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