Concrete Technology and Design of Concrete Structures
If the depth of neutral axis for a singly reinforced rectangular section is represented by kd in working stress design, then the value of k for balanced section

depends on aCbC only
is independant of both ast and acbc where d is the effective depth, ast is per-missible stress in steel in tension and ocbc is permissible stress in concrete in bending compression.
depends on as, only
depends on both crst and acbc

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Concrete Technology and Design of Concrete Structures
Minimum pitch of transverse reinforcement in a column is

forty-eight times the diameter of transverse reinforcement
sixteen times the smallest diameter of longitudinal reinforcement bar to be tied
lesser of the above three values
the least lateral dimension of the member

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