Process Equipment and Plant Design
Liquid gradient over a tray can be minimised by

Decreasing the number of rows of caps through which the liquid flows or by decreasing the velocity of liquid flow past the caps or by reducing the distance along the tray through which the liquid must
Using split flow, radial flow or cascade flow for column diameter large than 4 ft
Providing a higher skirt clearance or a higher weir
All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Bubble cap tray is the most commonly used tray in large distillation column, because

Of its flexibility and nearly constant efficiency under varying conditions of operation
It eliminates the foaming and entrain-ment tendency during operation
None of these
It incurs less pressure drop as compared to any other try designed for the same duty

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of the bubble cap tray of a distillation column to give stable operation and even vapour distribution.

None of these
The pressure drop due to the caps & slots and the static submergence should be as high as practicable for reasonable operation
Tendency towards stable operation is increased by increasing the skirt clearance of the caps, lowering the rate of liquid flow per unit plate width or increasing the spacing between the caps
The dimensionless ratio of liquid gradient to pressure drop head caused by the bubble cap assembly should be less than 0.4

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
Pick out the wrong statement about the design of seive plate column and the bubble cap column.

Weir height in case of a bubble cap plate ranges from 50 to 150 mm and is higher than the seive plate
The downcomer design and the residence time in the downcomer is almost same for seive plate and bubble cap columns
Weir length for a bubble cap plate is the same as that for the seive plate
Weir height for a bubble cap plate column is the same as that for a seive plate column

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