Process Equipment and Plant Design
Triangular pitch tube layout as compared to square pitch in a shell and tube heat exchanger

Permits the use of more tubes in a given shell diameter
Permits the use of less tubes in a given shell diameter
Both B and C
Facilitates comparatively easier external cleaning because of large clearance

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
In case of design of a shell and tube heat exchanger,

O.D. of the tube is 6 to 40 mm while the tube lengths used are 0.5, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6 metres
Minimum tube sheet thickness (in which tubes are fixed) is equal to the O.D. of the tube upto 15 mm tube diameter; and for > 15 mm tube diameter, tube sheet thickness is smaller than tube diameter
Minimum cleaning lane of 6.5 mm is provided, when tubes are on a square pitch
All of these

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Process Equipment and Plant Design
For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum for diaofthe tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell

May decrease or increase upwards depending upon whether vacuum or positive pressure would be maintained inside the shell
Decreases upwards
Remains same throughout
Increases upwards

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