Theory of Machine
Which of the following is false statement in respect of differences between machine and structure?

Efficiency of machines as well as structures is below 100 %
Machines transmit mechanical work, whereas structures transmit forces
Machines modify movement and work, whereas structures modify forces
In machines, relative motion exists between its members, whereas same does not exist in case of structures

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Theory of Machine
Two heavy rotating masses are connected by shafts of lengths l₁, l₂ and l₃ and the corresponding diameters are d₁, d₂ and d₃. This system is reduced to a torsionally equivalent system having uniform diameter d = d₁ of the shaft. The equivalent length of the shaft is

(l₁ + l₂ + l₃)/3
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)⁴ + l₃.(d₁/d₃)⁴
l₁ + l₂ + l₃
l = l₁ + l₂.(d₁/d₂)³ + l₂.(d₁/d₃)³

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