Theory of Machine
The relation l = (2/3).(j + 2) apply only to kinematic chains in which lower pairs are used. This may be used to kinematic chains in which higher pairs are used, but each higher pair may be taken as equivalent to

Two lower pairs and one additional link
Two lower pairs and two additional links
One lower pair and two additional links
Any one of these

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Theory of Machine
The secondary unbalanced force due to inertia of reciprocating parts in a reciprocating engine is given by (where m = Mass of reciprocating parts, ω = Angular speed of crank, r = Radius of crank, θ = Angle of inclination of crank with the line of stroke, and n = Ratio of the length of connecting rod to radius of crank)

m.ω².r cosθ
m.ω².r sinθ
m.ω².r (sin 2θ/n)
m.ω².r (cos 2θ/n)

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Theory of Machine
Which is the false statement about the properties of instantaneous center?

At the instantaneous center of rotation, one rigid link rotates instantaneously relative to another for the configuration of mechanism considered
The two rigid links which have no linear velocity relative to each other at this center have the same linear velocity to the third rigid link
The double center can be denoted either by O2 or O12, but proper selection should be made
The two rigid links have no linear velocities relative to each other at the instantaneous center

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