Measurement and Instrumentation
In measurement system, the function of the signal manipulating elements is to

 change the quantity under measurement to an analogues signal.
 to perform linear operation like addition and multiplication.
 change the magnitude of the input signal while retaining its identity.
 to perform non liner operation like clipping filtering, chopping and clamping.

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Measurement and Instrumentation
The measurement of a quantity

 none of these.
 is a comparison of an unknown quantity with known quantity.
  is a comparison of an unknown quantity with standard.
 is a comparison of an unknown quantity with another quantity.

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